统计与信息论坛

数字技术可以通过渗透性、替代性和协同性,降低要素搜寻成本和交易成本,提升配置效率,但该效应受数字经济发展阶段的影响。基于中国2013-2018年省级层面的数据,测算各地要素错配指数和数字经济发展水平,通过构建静态和动态面板模型,实证研究了数字经济对要素错配的影响。结果表明:中国各地均存在一定程度的要素错配,且地区间有较大差异;资本和劳动错配都有较强的路径依赖;数字经济发展能明显改善资本错配水平,但对劳动错配的影响并不显著,通过更换指标和逐步回归均验证了该结果的稳健性。为进一步发挥数字经济的作用,必须重视以人为主体的万物互联,各级政府要从"点、线、面"三个维度高效推进中国数字经济建设,进而降低要素错配水平,提升要素使用效率。

Digital technology can reduce factor search cost and transaction cost and improve allocation efficiency through penetration,substitution and coordination,but the effect is affected by the development stage of digital economy.Based on provincial panel data from 2013 to 2018,this paper calculates the factor mismatch index and the level of digital economy of each province,then builds the static and dynamic panel model to study the influence of digital economy on factor mismatch.It is found that there is a certain degree of factor mismatch in all parts of China,and there are great differences among regions.The mismatch of capital and labor has strong path dependence.The development of digital economy can obviously improve the level of capital mismatch,but the impact on labor mismatch is not significant.These results are still robust by the replacement index and stepwise regression.The implication here is that the interconnection of all things cannot ignore the connection among people.The government should effectively promote the construction of China's digital economy from three dimensions of "point,line and area",so as to reduce the level of factor mismatch and improve the efficiency of factor use.