统计与信息论坛

作为国家基础性战略资源，公共数据的开放共享不仅是促进企业数据资产化的重要手段，而且是培育新质生产力、赋能高质量发展的关键举措。基于2009—2022年中国A股上市企业数据，构建了“数据供给—技术响应—制度牵引”的三维驱动框架，并借助政府数据开放平台上线的外生政策冲击，采用交叠双重差分模型识别了公共数据开放与企业数据资产化的关系及作用机制。研究发现，公共数据开放显著促进了企业数据资产化，这一结果通过了一系列稳健性检验。机制检验表明，该影响主要通过数据供给机制、技术响应机制和制度牵引机制实现。异质性分析发现，该影响在国有企业、政治关联企业、高新技术企业、成长期企业和成熟期企业中更为明显。此外，还发现公共数据开放显著促进了企业高质量创新。研究结论为推动数据要素潜能释放和促进企业高质量发展提供了可靠的微观证据和重要的政策启示。

As a fundamental strategic resource of the nation, the open sharing of public data plays a pivotal role in promoting enterprise data assetization.It serves as a key initiative to cultivate new-quality productivity and empower high-quality development.Based on the panel data of China's A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2022,a three-dimensional theoretical framework of “Data Supply-Technological ResponseInstitutional Traction” is developed, and the launch of government data access platforms by local governments is employed as a quasi-natural experiment.Through a staggered difference-in-differences model, the relationship and the underlying mechanisms between public data access and enterprise data assetization are identified.The findings are as follows: First, empirical results indicate that public data access significantly promotes enterprise data assetization, and this finding remains robust after a series of tests.Second, mechanism analysis reveals that public data access mainly facilitates enterprise data assetization through the mechanisms of data supply, technological response, institutional traction.Third, heterogeneity analysis suggests that the positive effect of public data access on data assetization is more pronounced for state-owned enterprises, politically connected firms, high-tech enterprises, as well as firms in the growth and maturity stages.Fourth, further investigation demonstrates that public data access also significantly stimulates high-quality innovation within enterprises.The following policy implications for unlocking the potential of data factors and advancing high-quality development are yielded as follows: First, accelerate the development of standardized guidelines for public data openness, prioritizing the internal integration of data within government and public institutions.Strengthen the coordination and mutual recognition between data standards and related certification and inspection systems to enhance production and consumption quality through high-standard data.Second, leverage digital and intelligent technologies to address bottlenecks in key industries and drive digital transformation across supply chains.Establish clear norms and standards for enterprise-level data collection and sharing, and improve standardization of public data collection, storage, and trading to ensure practical implementation.Third, align data access rights with actual needs and conditions, ensuring efficient matching of supply and market demand.Foster a fair, transparent environment for public data openness and strengthen intellectual property protection in the digital domain.