统计与信息论坛

促进企业技术创新，加速新质生产力发展已成为新时期中国经济社会发展的关键所在。诸多研究从不同视角对中国企业技术创新影响因素进行了分析，但对众多影响因素的相对重要性尚无系统论述。通过系统文献梳理提炼出24个影响因素，利用机器学习方法，结合A股上市公司数据，重新考察了各个影响因素的相对重要性。结果显示，市场竞争、产业结构、企业价值分别是行业层面、地区层面、企业层面影响技术创新的重要因素；相比于大型企业和国有企业，中小型企业和民营企业受税负、资产收益率、利润率等企业经营状况类因素的影响更大；高技术产业企业则受产业结构和金融发展影响更大。为进一步促进企业创新、培育壮大新质生产力，建议从建立更为公平的市场竞争环境、因地制宜发展特色产业、制定差异化政策等角度入手，消除不正当竞争行为，加速推动产业转型升级，激发不同类型企业的创新积极性。

In the new era, promoting corporate technological innovation and accelerating the development of new quality productive forces have become crucial for China's economic and social progress.Although there have been extensive researches on the factors influencing corporate technological innovation, a systematic evaluation of the relative importance of these factors is still lacking.Aim to fill the gap of identifying the key determinants of corporate technological innovation, which is essential for formulating effective policies to enhance innovation capabilities and drive high-quality economic development.Machine learning methods are applied to analyze the relative importance of 24 factors influencing corporate technological innovation, using data from A-share listed companies in China.The results indicate that, market competition, industrial structure, and firm value are the most significant factors at the industry, regional, and firm levels, respectively.Notably, small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) and private firms are more sensitive to factors such as tax burden, return on assets, and profit margin, while high-tech firms are more influenced by industrial structure and financial development.These findings highlight the need for tailored policies to address the diverse needs of different types of firms.This study presents innovates in several ways.First, it uses machine learning methods to construct an indicator for evaluating the relative importance of variables, breaking through the limitations of traditional statistical and econometric methods.Second, it integrates multiple factors influencing corporate technological innovation into a unified analytical framework, providing a comprehensive assessment of their relative importance.Third, it reveals the key factors affecting corporate technological innovation and their heterogeneous impacts on different types of firms, offering valuable insights for policy-making and expanding the existing research on corporate innovation.The findings suggest several policy implications.First, creating a fair market competition environment and eliminating unfair competition practices are essential to promote corporate innovation.Second, local governments should develop characteristic industries based on regional conditions and accelerate industrial upgrading.Third, differentiated policies should be formulated to stimulate the innovation enthusiasm of firms from different sizes, ownership types, and industries.These measures can help enhance corporate innovation capabilities and drive the development of new quality productive forces.